Which of the following statements comparing hemidesmosomes with desmosomes is TRUE?
A. Both hemidesmosomes and desmosomes associate with integrin, but not cadherin molecules.
B. Hemidesmosomes are anchorage junctions but desmosomes are not.
C. Hemidesmosomes interact with actin filaments while desmosomes interact with intermediate filaments.
D. Hemidesmosomes are found in plant cells while desmosomes are found in animal cells.
E. Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the ECM while desmosomes anchor cells to other cells.
Answer: E
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Why are most X-linked disorders recessive?
a. X-linked dominant disorders are always fatal to females b. females only have one active X- dominant disorders would render them sterile c. dominant X-linked disorders are almost always fatal to the male embryo d. dominant X-linked disorders, regardless of their overall effect, prevent proper sperm formation e. more than one of these is the reason why most X-linked disorders are fatal
A haplotype is:
a. all of the alleles at a single locus. b. a product of epistasis. c. a set of alleles at different loci along a chromosome. d. all of the alleles in a population. e. None of the above.
Although the chromatin structure of interphase and mitotic chromosomes is very compact, DNA-binding proteins and protein complexes must be able to gain access to the DNA molecule
Chromatin-remodeling complexes provide this access by __________________. (a) recruiting other enzymes. (b) modifying the N-terminal tails of core histones. (c) using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move nucleosomes. (d) denaturing the DNA by interfering with hydrogen-bonding between base pairs.
Bilateria are characterized by
A. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around any plane through the longitudinal midline of the body. B. a plane of symmetry around a transverse plane across the center of the body so that the front and back halves are mirror images. C. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline. D. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around an oblique plane in the midline. E. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a horizontal plane in the midline.