Explain the following issues related to people who observe showups, lineups, and photographic lineups: actions of police and witnesses while observing the procedure; testimony in court regarding procedure; in-court identification of suspect
What will be an ideal response?
The police interact with the witnesses while taking statements and conducting identification procedures. It is important that the police conduct the procedure fairly and do not try to influence the decision of the witness. Prior to any viewing of people or photographs, the witness must be told that the person who committed the crime may or may not be presented. Care should be taken to avoid giving the witness the impression that the police have determined that the criminal is there. Any form of coach of the witnesses is prohibited. Witnesses must be made to understand that the identification should be based on their memory of the crime and not comments by the police or other people.
Witnesses who observed properly conducted identification procedures may testify about them in court. The prosecution may call those who selected the defendant; if someone else was selected, the defense will call the person who made that identification to the stand. The Supreme Court has ruled that witnesses who participated in improperly conducted identification procedures may testify. The Harmless Error Rule will be applied if testimony is given about the improper procedure. They can make an in-court identification of the defendant if they can base that testimony on recollections of the crime scene and not the identification procedure that was inadmissible. The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine will be applied by the appellate court when evaluating this testimony.
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Use of private security has grown in recent years. In 2012 a Duke professor suggested in the last decade private security was responsible for:
a. The increase in the crime rate. b. The reduction in the number of state and local police officers. c. Increasing costs for police work. d. The decrease in reported crime.
ROR means that someone can be released from custody temporarily without having to post bail
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following best explains the public's view towards corrections today?
A) Prisons should focus on reforming inmates, and funding these programs should be a major social priority. B) Prisons should focus on securely housing offenders and not focus on rehabilitation unless an inmate clearly shows a desire for reformation. C) Prisons should emphasize reformatory goals but funding these programs should not be a social priority. D) Prisons should be a place of strict correction and punishment in order to make the inmates realize the error of their ways.
What distinguishes minimum security institutions from low security institutions?
A. the staff-to-inmate ratio is higher in low security institutions B. the perimeter fencing is more secure in minimum security institutions C. low security institutions have electronic detection systems D. minimum security institutions have cell-type housing