Which historical view is MOST consistent with the idea that both the mind and the body influence health?
A. Hippocrates’ view that health depends on an equilibrium.
B. Descartes’ view that disease results from the breakdown of the body’s machine.
C. Newton’s demonstration of gravitational pull.
D. Pasteur’s work in the role of microorganisms in causing disease.
A. Hippocrates’ view that health depends on an equilibrium.
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________ involves a teaching/learning relationship that uses an expert who intervenes as required and gradually withdraws as assistance becomes unnecessary
a. Scaffolding c. Intersubjectivity b. The zone of proximal development d. Centration
Which of the following contributes most positively to adolescent development?
a. authoritative parenting, as adolescents need support and guidance b. permissive parenting, as it fosters independence c. authoritarian parenting, as adolescents need to know their parents are still in control d. indulgent parenting, as adolescents need to know they are of great importance
The defense mechanism whereby a person changes a wish into its more acceptable opposite is called __________
a. reaction formation b. counterfunctioning c. repression d. reversing
Which of the following statements about factors related to cognitive maintenance and change is true?
A) There is no genetic contribution to individual differences in cognitive change in late adulthood. B) Retirement affects cognitive change both positively and negatively. C) As seniors grow older, their cognitive scores show smaller fluctuations from one occasion to the next. D) Most chronic conditions are not associated with cognitive declines.