Unlike many other criminological theories, the theories in this chapter do not focus on how ______ develops instead focusing on the ______ causes of crime.

A. proximate; criminality
B. criminality; proximate
C. crime across the life course; childhood
D. a social bond; social learning


B. criminality; proximate

Criminal Justice

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What are some of the ways covert surveillance photos further a criminal investigation?

What will be an ideal response?

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Which is true of the use of mild tranquilizers?

a. They impair high-thinking faculties. b. They induce slee

Criminal Justice

Before communicating, supervisors should do which of the following?

A. Disregard the views and attitudes of those to whom the communication will be directed and those of other affected persons. B. Be sure their ideas are clear in their own mind. C. Know that for communications to be effective, they must always be quick. D. Realize that there is no correlation between the effectiveness of communications and the total setting in which they occur.

Criminal Justice

Defendants are deemed to have waived their Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination at trial if they

a. gave a pretrial confession. b. discuss the case with their lawyer. c. plead the Fifth Amendment right not to testify. d. waive the Fifth Amendment right not to testify.

Criminal Justice