Compare and contrast the organization of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: Invertebrate nervous systems: Cnidarians have a nerve net and no
brain, but system allows organism to respond to threats from all directions. Echinoderms
have a radial nervous system that is a modified nerve net. They too have no brain.
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are the first animals to have a primitive brain, two solid, ventral,
longitudinal nerve cords arranged in a ladder-like system. Annelids and arthropods have a
brain and a solid nerve cords. Cephalopods have a brain and solid nerve cords. This brain has
lobes, sulci, and specialized regions similar to vertebrate brain.
Vertebrate nervous systems: have a brain with specialized regions; dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
System is divided into central and peripheral nervous systems.
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It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods. What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis?
A) Like amphibians, they are tied to the water for reproduction. B) Their fins have skeletal and muscular structures similar to amphibian limbs. C) They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems. D) They have lungs and are able to breathe air when water is scarce. E) They enter a hibernative stage when food is scarce, as many tetrapods do.
When comparing members of archaea with bacteria
A. archaea were the first organisms and were followed by bacteria. B. the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. C. bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. D. the archaea and bacteria are cases of reduction in traits and are both derived from early eukarya. E. None of the choices are true.
The convergence of evolutionary biology with genetics produced the unified evolutionary theory known as:
A) the origin of species. B) common descent with modification. C) the modern synthesis. D) polygenic inheritance.
Which structure "unzips" the double helix of DNA during transcription?
A. an anticodon B. mRNA C. IRNA D. RNA polymerase