Name and describe the two competing theories that attempt to explain perception. Provide an example for how each theory might explain a percept
What will be an ideal response?
The learning-based inference claims that prior learning determines our perceptions. The Gestalt theory claims that the brain is designed to seek out patterns. Thus, this theory believes that nature is the key determinant of what we perceive. As for the examples, the student's examples must reflect prior learning for the learning-based inference (for example, seeing B0Y as 'b-o-y" rather than "b-zero-y").
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Which of the following statements is true of neuroticism?
a. People who scored high in neuroticism performed worse than those who scored low when their work environment was stressful. b. The characteristics of neuroticism are anxiety, depression, irrationality, tension, and moodiness. c. Neuroticism is largely a product of learning or experience rather than a product of genetics. d. A higher level of neuroticism was associated with increasing satisfaction from social relationships.
Regarding the polygraph, which of the following best describes the position of the National Academy of Sciences?
a. The polygraph is accurate enough to use while other more sophisticated methods of detecting lying are being developed. b. The polygraph leads to too many false findings of lying, damaging the lives of many innocent people. c. The polygraph effectively measures physiological signs of lying, and their wide use is supported by research. d. There is not enough research to determine if the wide use of polygraphs is justified. e. The polygraph cannot accurately distinguish lying from emotional reactions of honest people put in pressure situations.
A prediction about the characteristics of a behavior under investigation is called a(n): _____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Whether a typical infant has male or female genetic sex is determined by the contribution of a. an X or Y chromosome by the mother
b. an X or Y chromosome by the father. c. X or Y chromosomes by the mother and by the father. d. all 46 chromosomes received from both parents.