Explain the four ways states allow juveniles to be tried as adults in the criminal courts
What will be an ideal response?
Before development of the first modern juvenile court in Illinois in 1899, juveniles were tried for violations of the law in adult criminal courts. Although the subsequent passage of state legislation created juvenile courts, the juvenile justice system did recognize that certain forms of conduct required that children be tried as adults. Today, most US jurisdictions provide by statute for waiver or transfer of juvenile offenders to the criminal courts. There are generally four ways that states allow juveniles to be tried in criminal courts. The direct file to waiver is where the prosecution has the discretion of filing charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court. An excluded offense waiver is used to exclude from juvenile court jurisdiction certain offenses that are very minor, such as traffic violations, or very serious, such as murder. The judicial waiver is used after a formal hearing at which both prosecutor and defense attorney present evidence; a juvenile court judge may decide to waive the jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court. The reverse waiver is used in the case where despite state laws that mandate certain offenses be tried in adult court, the trial judge may decide that the offender would be better served by the juvenile court and therefore order a reverse waiver.
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For matters dealing with ________ and ________, the courts always retain jurisdiction and can override a premarital agreement based on the best interests of the children.
What will be an ideal response?
Matching
1. Jun Nishikawa a. Studying Islamic jurisprudence at Ummu I-Qura in Mecca for three years 2. Kozo Okamato b. Claimed to be a front for the East Turkestan Islamic Movement 3. Ustadz Abdurajak Janjalani c. Indicted for his role in the 1977 hijacking of a Japanese Airliner flight 4. Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region d. Signed an agreement with the United States to freeze and ultimately dismantle its existing plutonium-based nuclear program 5. Abdur Rab Rasul Sayyaf e. Operating under the umbrella of a group calling itself the Anti-Imperialist International Brigade 6. Japanese Red Army f. A training camp near Khost, Afghanistan 7. World Uighur Congress g. Lod Airport attack May 1972 8. North Korea h. Confiscating Muslims' passports in an effort to strengthen control over Muslim pilgrimages
Bentham’s philosophy of social control rests on the principle of ______.
a. retribution b. restitution c. utility d. positivism
________________ rights conflict with the government's right to enforce morality
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word