An increase in intrinsic work of breathing due to a decrease in static compliance is caused by which of the following?
a. Emphysema
b. Bronchospasm
c. Pulmonary fibrosis
d. Airway inflammation
ANS: C
Static compliance is influenced by the elastic characteristics of the lungs and thorax. A decrease in static compliance is due to either the lungs becoming stiffer or the thorax's inability to stretch to accommodate volume in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathophysiologic condition that causes the alveoli to become stiffer due to scarring. Therefore, pulmonary fibrosis will increase a patient's work of breathing due to decreases in the static compliance. Emphysema causes an in-crease in static compliance due to the loss of elastic properties of the lungs and also an increase in airway resistance because of bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and airway edema. Bron-chospasm and airway inflammation lead to increased airway resistance and decreased dynamic compliance.
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