Spencer's philosophy was ____.?
a. ?Darwinism
b. ?natural selection
c. ?survival of the fittest
d. ?eugenics
e. ?pragmatism
a
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Why is it difficult to get rid of superstitions and phobias? a. The memories are stored deep in the brain
b. The memories consolidate unusually quickly. c. The responses are based on continuous reinforcement. d. The responses are based on avoidance learning.
Research on positive illusions shows that they
a. are adaptive in nearly every sense. b. are maladaptive in nearly every sense. c. can be adaptive in some ways, but costly in others. d. are quite rare, but adaptive when they do occur.
The id operates according to the ________ principle in which the goal is the immediate reduction of tension and the maximization of satisfaction.
A. reality B. pleasure C. reciprocity D. attitude
Compared to views of mental illness in the West, those in China during the "Dark Ages" __________.
A. reached a sophisticated level; but they regressed to a belief in evil-spirit possession, although not for as long as in the West, and with less severe treatment for patients B. began at a less sophisticated level; and they regressed to a belief in supernatural forces, as in the West, although this occurred earlier and with a more negative reaction to patients C. were always that mental illness was due to supernatural forces, a belief still prevalent in modern-day China D. were always more sophisticated, with the focus on medical causes and humane treatment