Explain why a frameshift mutation can have such devastating effects. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Frameshift mutations cause the insertion of extra bases or the deletion of bases in DNA.
Because codons contain three bases, frameshift mutations change the mRNA codon specified
at the site of the insertion or deletion and the sequence of all following codons. These
mutations cause large-scale changes in the amino acid sequence and alter the structure and
function of the derived protein. Frameshift mutations are a major cause of genetic disorders
and account for 5% to 10% of all known mutations.
You might also like to view...
Signals can be sent from the ECM to the cell through _____.
A. cadherins B. fibronectins C. claudins D. connexins E. integrins
You are trying to improve growth in an economically important fish species. These fish have a gene that controls their size. There are two size alleles; L and S. You cross a large female (LL) with a small male (SS) and get all large fish! The genotypes of the F1 are 100% LS so you assume that large size is dominant to small. You then cross a small female (SS) with a large male (LL) and get all small fish! The genotypes of this F1 are all LS. How do you explain this result?
A. The gene for large size is a maternally inherited. B. L is not dominant to S. C. The gene for large size is a sex-linked gene. D. L is dominant to S. E. The gene for large size is a maternal effect gene and L is dominant to S.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins are all examples of
A. nutrients. B. sources of energy. C. inorganic compounds. D. catalysts.
What is the main sex hormone in male humans?
A. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B. luteinizing hormone (LH) C. interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) D. estrogen E. testosterone