Describe one potential artifact (experimenter bias or reactivity) and how it threatens both the internal and external validity of a study
What will be an ideal response?
Experimenter bias occurs when the expectations of the experimenter influence the behaviors and measurements obtained from the participants. This is a threat to external validity because the results are unique to the specific experimenter and would not generalize to others. It also is a threat to internal validity because the results can be explained by the experimenter's influence as well as the actual treatment effects.
Reactivity occurs when participants modify their natural behavior in response to the knowledge that they are participating in a research study. This is a threat to external validity because the same behaviors would not generalize to a natural (non-research) setting. It also is a threat to internal validity because reactivity provides an alternative explanation for the pattern of data that is observed.
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A) Assimilation B) Accommodation C) Attribution D) Fixation
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a. vision problems. b. neurological disorders. c. rhythmic facial and mouth movements. d. blood disorders.
Individuals in the same cohort are exposed to the same historical context
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.