One reason that the psychoanalytic perspective is no longer in the mainstream of child development research is that ________.
A. many psychoanalytic ideas, such as ego functioning, are too vague to be tested empirically
B. psychoanalytic theorists accept the clinical method in which age-related averages represent typical development
C. modern researchers have demonstrated that personality development does not take place in stages
D. it failed to consider the early parent-child relationship, which is central to modern theories
Answer: A
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Those who study cognitive learning claim that learning can take place in an individual:
A. who has not received any noticeable rewards, but who simply observes and imitates B. only if the learning is reflexive in nature C. who shows a change in behavior D. only when the behavior is followed by an effect
Lois and Peter want to teach Brian, their dog, to fetch the newspaper. Lois aims to encourage Brian's behavior when he brings in the newspaper. Peter’s goal is, instead, to discourage Brian's behavior when he brings in a stick. Lois will most likely use ____, and Peter will most likely use ____.?
a. ?operant conditioning; classical conditioning b. ?positive reinforcers; negative reinforcers c. ?punishment; penalties d. ?reinforcers; punishment
Lesions in the preoptic area lead to a. constant NREM sleep
b. insomnia. c. constant REM sleep. d. normal sleep patterns, alternating between REM and NREM.
Why do people tend to be convinced that they are right, even when they are wrong?
What will be an ideal response?