The nurse understands that a medication such as carvedilol (Coreg) may not be effective in an African-American patient because of its effects on
a. cardiac contractility.
b. heart rate.
c. renin release.
d. vascular resistance.
ANS: C
African Americans are more likely to be susceptible to low-renin hypertension. Beta blockers reduce heart rate, contractility, and renin release, and there is a greater hypotensive response in patients with higher renin levels. Changes in heart rate, contractility, and vascular resistance explain why there is some response in this group.
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After a skin graft procedure to the leg, a client is returned to the burn care unit. Based on this data, which action by the nurse is appropriate?
A) Placing the client flat with the affected extremity abducted. B) Elevating the head of bed 30 ° C) Maintaining the head of the bed flat D) Elevating the affected extremity
The patient is in chronic junctional escape rhythm with no atrial activity noted. Studies have demonstrated normal AV node function. This patient may be a candidate for which type of pacing?
a. Atrial pacing b. Ventricular pacing c. Dual-chamber pacing d. Transcutaneous pacing
A nurse has a busy morning and is rushed. While administering medications, the nurse realizes that he has made a medication error. Which action should the nurse take first?
a. Report the medication error to the charge nurse and fill out an incident report. b. Assess the patient for any adverse reactions to the medications and notify the prescriber. c. Document in the patient's notes the medication given and that an error was made. d. Explain to the patient that a medication error has occurred and notify the nurse manager.
A patient has a tonometer test result of 28 mmHg. Which explanation by the nurse about this pressure reading is most accurate?
1. The pressure in the eye has been measured and is too low. Medication will be required to increase the pressure and prevent blindness from retinal damage. 2. The pressure in the inner ear has been measured to evaluate the semicircular canals' function related to nerve damage and is within the normal range. 3. The pressure in the middle ear that builds up with mastoiditis has been measured. The condition needs to be treated with surgical insertion of tubes to drain the fluid behind the tympanic membrane. 4. The pressure in the eye has been measured and is above normal. This condition could lead to possible retinal changes if not treated.