Explain the functions of the three types of folds found in the small intestine, from largest to smallest
What will be an ideal response?
The three types of folds in the small intestine from largest to small are circular folds (plicae circulares), villi, and microvilli. All three levels of folding increase the surface area of the intestinal lining. The largest folds are circular folds (plicae circulares) which involve the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. These folds increase surface area and slow the transit of chyme through the small intestine, giving the nutrients more time to be digested and absorbed by enterocytes. The smaller folds of the mucosa are called villi. Intestinal crypts between each villus house glands with hormone-secreting diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) cells. The smallest folds, known as microvilli, are found in the plasma membrane of each enterocyte and give the appearance of a brush border. Microvilli are associated with brush border enzymes which catalyze reactions that break down sugars and proteins.
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Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________.
A) causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies B) builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones D) elevates glucagon levels
The opposite process of glycogenesis is ________.
A. gluconeogenesis B. glyconeogenesis C. glycogenolysis D. glycolysis
The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
________ hormone promotes the retention of water and decreases volume of urine.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).