While working in the newborn nursery, a nurse is assessing a new admission. The nurse notes the infant has an increased distance between his eyes, a very small jaw, and a split uvula
Thinking this infant might have DiGeorge syndrome, the nurse should be assessing this infant for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A) Frequent ventricular beats on ECG due to hyperkalemia
B) Loss of consciousness due to hyponatremia
C) Tetany due to hypocalcemia
D) Decreased reflexes due to hypermagnesemia
Ans: C
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Infants born with this defect have partial or complete failure in development of the thymus and parathyroid glands and have congenital defects of the head, neck, and/or heart. The facial disorders can include hypertelorism (increased distance between the eyes); micrognathia (abnormally small jaw); low-set, posteriorly angulated ears; split uvula; and high-arched palate. Urinary tract abnormalities also are common. The most frequent presenting sign is hypocalcemia and tetany that develop within the first 24 hours of life. It is caused by the absence of the parathyroid gland and is resistant to standard therapy.
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