Pope Gregory I is credited with all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Making the papacy powerful in Western Europe.
b. Dispensing with papal armies and military retainers.
c. Laying the foundation for the Papal States in Italy.
d. Allying with Frankish kings in order to strengthen both the Church and the developing Frankish kingdom.
b. Dispensing with papal armies and military retainers.
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Cubist painters such as Georges Braque and ________ saw painting as an autonomous realm of art with no purpose beyond itself
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The War of the Roses refers to the civil war fought between competing branches of the royal family in __________
A) France B) Portugal C) Spain D) England
Abbasid work in the sciences continued the work of ________
A) Roman intellectuals B) the Hellenistic world C) south Asian scientists D) Turkic intellectuals
One significant effect of the Great Depression in Europe was
A) the complete destruction of Communist parties. B) huge unemployment rates in all nations but Great Britain. C) the strengthening of liberal, democratic movements in the 1930s. D) the rise of dictatorial movements in many areas of Europe. E) the growth of free trade in order to spur economic recovery.