The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a bold attempt by Congress to rectify discrimination through federal legislation. The Supreme Court in 1883 issued a ruling concerning this law in The Civil Rights Cases. What was the Court’s conclusion?
a. That the legislation was constitutional and valid, as well as necessary to advance full and equal civil rights
b. That the legislation was unconstitutional. The Constitution only prohibits the states from discriminating by race against certain civil rights and does not protect the invasion of civil rights by private individuals.
c. That the legislation was valid but should have included a right to vote for the affected individuals
d. That the Court had full authority to override state laws and traditions
e. That the U.S. Constitution was a living document that must frequently be amended to meet contemporary challenges
ANS: B
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A grouped frequency distribution is required with
A) All variables. B) A small number of possible scores. C) Continuous variables. D) Multivariate studies.
According to Professor Daniel Elazar, what type of political culture does Texas have?
a) moralistic b) a combination of moralistic and traditionalistic c) a combination of moralistic and individualistic d) a combination of traditionalistic and individualistic e) anarchistic
Which of the following best describes the conflict that has sometimes existed between the National Security Council (NSC) and others within the national security establishment?
a. Because the NCS always integrates advice from other cabinet departments, most advisers in national security see the council as having little independent value. b. The NSC has sometimes conspired with the State and Defense departments in covert operations, such as the Iran-Contra affair. c. Because the NCS was created after September 11, 2001, many in the departments of State and Defense do not respect the limited experience of this newcomer. d. The NSC has sometimes competed with, rather than integrated advice from, cabinet departments such as State and Defense, and it also has become involved in covert operations such as the Iran-Contra affair.
________ refers to noncompetitive lending and investment relationships between government financial institutions and private industry.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).