Cross-sectional studies have found that average levels of intrinsic motivation __________ between middle childhood and adolescence.
A. increase
B. decline
C. stay the same
D. show an initial decline and then an increase
Answer: B
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Schizophrenia follows a and typically develops
a. chronic but not lifelong course; in early adolescence b. lifelong course; in early adolescence c. chronic but not lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthood d. lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthood e. variable course? during the person's thirties
In the 2008 cross-sectional Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, African American women had the highest median C-reactive protein levels. This means that:
a. they were in risk of chronic heart disease. b. they had a reduced risk of chronic heart disease. c. they had genetic predisposition for a hormone that inhibits heart attacks. d. these individuals.react negatively to foods such as calcium.
Becoming fixated during the anal stage of development, in Freud's theory, would lead to:
a. someone who is overly dependent. b. someone who is very gullible (easily fooled). c. someone who is shy and overcautious. d. someone who is careless and sloppy.
In an assessment technique, the degree to which responses correlate with an independent
external standard of what the assessment technique is intended to assess is called ______. a. temporal validity c. construct validity b. content validity d. criterion validity