The nurse is providing care to a client with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). What does the nurse understand is occurring in the body's cells as a result?
A) A shift to aerobic metabolism
B) Disruption of the cell cycle, leading to apoptosis
C) Serum level of potassium increases
D) Lactic acid production increases
D) Lactic acid production increases
Explanation: A) During multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the body's cells shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
B) Apoptosis is not a cellular response characteristic of MODS.
C) An increased serum potassium level is not associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
D) During multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the body's cells shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. There is also an increase in the level of serum lactate, and increased lactic acid production.
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An type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic reports recurrent hypoglycemia late in the morning. After collecting his health history what finding would the nurse suspect is causing the late morning hypoglycemia?
A) The patient likes to nap after work before his evening meal. B) The patient jogs 2 miles in the morning before he goes to work. C) The patient likes to have an early lunch with his girlfriend. D) The patient eats oatmeal early in the morning for breakfast.
The nurse is talking with a male client who is actively hallucinating. The client is fearful that the voices he hears will direct him to kill himself or will hurt him directly
Which of the following nursing statements would be therapeutic at this time? 1. "I can hear the voices too, but they are telling you to go to bed now." 2. "I know whose voices you are hearing and told them not to hurt you." 3. "I know you believe they are going to cause you harm, but it's not true." 4. "I don't hear them, but it must be frightening to hear voices that others can't hear."
A nurse caring for elderly clients in an assisted living facility is required to educate the clients on the effects of aging on the immune system. What are effects of aging on the immune system?
A) More B cells and fewer T cells B) Immune system acts with slower, muted inflammatory process C) Baseline temperature above 98.6°F D) Slowly progress to septic shock when bacteremia is present
Which of the following clients who are receiving care at a primary care clinic is most at risk for developing heart disease?
1. Elizabeth Elliot, a 55-year-old schoolteacher who is 30 pounds overweight, does not smoke, and has no family history of heart disease. Her blood pressure is 124/84 mm Hg, and her cholesterol is 220 mg/dL. 2. Frank Fuller, a 45-year-old insurance salesman who is near his optimal weight, does not smoke, and has a family history (father) of heart disease. His blood pressure is 140/92 mm Hg, and his cholesterol is 180 mg/dL. 3. Grace Geer, a 42-year-old bank executive who is 15 pounds overweight, smokes 1 pack per day, and has a family history (both grandfathers) of heart disease. Her blood pressure is 130/68 mm Hg, and her cholesterol is 190 mg/dL. 4. Harlan Harris, a 54-year-old truck driver who is 25 pounds overweight, smokes 1 pack per day, and has a family history (father, grandfather) of heart disease. His blood pressure is 136/92 mm Hg, and his cholesterol is 250 mg/dL.