Describe the general features of the monolithic collapse hypothesis, with an explanation of how the two different stellar populations are explained by the model
What will be an ideal response?
In the monolithic collapse hypothesis, the Milky Way galaxy formed from a single, large cloud of turbulent gas over 13 billion years ago. As gravity contracted the cloud, it fragmented into smaller clouds with randomly directed velocities. These clouds formed open clusters and associations with randomly oriented orbits, the basis for the spherical component of the galaxy. Other clouds collided, cancelling out their turbulent motions to form a spinning disk, which took billions of years to form completely.
Stars that would take up their place in the bulge formed during the initial collapse from material that had not been enriched with metals, and formed the Population II stars. The disk took much longer to stabilize, allowing generations of high-mass stars to enrich the environment with metals. Disk stars became Population I, since they were formed with metal-rich material.
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