Describe and give examples of the three parental factors identified in the text that contribute to the development of PTSD in children
What will be an ideal response?
• Parents "teach" children how to cope with stress and trauma
• Shotgun effect
o Single trauma that is overwhelming to all members of the family; natural disasters, murder, etc.
• Lack of protective shield effect
o Parents don't provide the needed comfort, support, and security for children following a trauma
• Toxic family effect
o Parent responses that elicit and maintain anxiety symptoms in children; repeated stories of trauma
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A prognosis
a. is a forecast about the probable course of an illness. b. involves distinguishing one illness from another. c. refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness. d. is a plan for treating an illness.
Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably say? a. "Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions.". b. "Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise."
c. "Treat the person as you would a witch.". d. "Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons.".
Regarding one's behavior, discriminative stimuli would be considered
a. antecedents. b. cognitive maps. c. negative reinforcers. d. punishers.
In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, which of the following was the unconditioned stimulus?
a. food c. the dogs' salivating b. bells and buzzers d. the dogs' behavior