Each time Chloe hears a door open she jumps in fright. This response suggests that she
A. has an innate fear of doors.
B. has an overactive startle response and likely jumps after hearing most noises.
C. previously became scared after a door opened and the door now produces an unconditioned fear response (UCR).
D. previously became scared after a door opened and the door is now a conditioned stimulus (CS) for fear.
Answer: D
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Your textbook discusses a study by Powlishta on gender prejudice in children. When children watched videotapes of a child interacting with an adult,
a. both boys and girls liked the boy targets better. b. both boys and girls liked boy targets better when they were engaged in "masculine" activities and girl targets better in "feminine" activities. c. girls liked girl targets better, whereas boys liked boy targets better. d. surprisingly, girls liked boy targets better, whereas boys liked girl targets better.
Your psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. She additionally argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. Your professor's views are closest to those of
a. Karen Horney. c. Alfred Adler. b. Carl Jung. d. Erik Erikson.
Cross-sectional research by Schaie on the development of intellectual ability in adulthood was carefully controlled to account for cohort effects. This research found that
a) most people improve in basic mental ability during adulthood. b) the majority of people decline considerably in mental ability as they age. c) people are gradually becoming more intelligent in an increasingly complex society. d) individual abilities are primarily a function of genetic endowment; therefore, overall intelligence either increases or decreases as a unit.
Which of the following effects has been observed in genetic girls who have excess androgens when they are embryos?
a. Greater tendency to act like a "tomboy." b. Playing in ways more typical of other girls than boys. c. Being less physically aggressive than other girls. d. Having conflicting feelings about their gender identification as girls.