A client has been diagnosed with stage IV cancer of the larynx. The nurse realizes that which of the following surgeries is recommended for this type of cancer?
1. Hemilaryngectomy
2. Partial laryngectomy
3. Supraglottic laryngectomy
4. Total laryngectomy
4
In clients diagnosed with invasive or infiltrating tumors such as those of stage III or stage IV, the entire larynx is removed. The other surgeries only remove portions of the larynx and would be appropriate for lesser stages of the disease.
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In performing a breast examination, the nurse knows that examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast is especially important. The reason for this is that the upper outer quadrant is:
a. The largest quadrant of the breast. b. The location of most breast tumors. c. Where most of the suspensory ligaments attach. d. More prone to injury and calcifications than other locations in the breast.
A nurse is teaching a drug prevention class to a group of parents of adolescents. Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the teaching?
a. "Compared with alcohol, marijuana has little or no long-term adverse effects." b. "Ecstasy causes reversible damage to se-rotonergic neurons." c. "LSD does not cause an abstinence syn-drome when it is withdrawn." d. "Most individuals who abuse opioids be-gan using them therapeutically."
What is the first question that should be asked in determining whether a cross-sectional design or a longitudinal design should be used in a quantitative study?
a. Is there an independent variable? b. What is the nature of the problem being studied? c. Will a measurement tool or instrument be needed? d. Can statistical analysis be applied to the study data?
Which of the following is true of antibiotics?
A. they are never used in viral, parasitic, or fungal infections B. they are rarely used in viral, parasitic, or fungal infections C. they are used in viral, parasitic, or fungal infections if a secondary bacterial infection develops D. they are used in superinfections caused by yeast