According to Lee Bowker and Malcolm Klein, which of the following plays a major role in determining the gang membership and juvenile delinquency of women and girls in urban ghettos?

A) impact of racism, sexism, poverty, and limited opportunity structures
B) relations with parents and problems associated with heterosexual behavior
C) personality variables and problems associated with homosexual behavior
D) personality variables, relations with spouses, and unlimited opportunities


Answer: A

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