What are the major theories of worker motivation?
What will be an ideal response?
* Goal-setting theory says that supervisors should set difficult but attainable goals and they should provide feedback; employees should participate in setting the goals and be rewarded for attaining the goals.
* Equity theory says workers compare what they invest in work with what they get out of it; if the situation seems to provide equity, then motivation is likely to be constant; if our inputs exceed our outputs then we are likely to be motivated in a different direction and perhaps demand a raise, decrease our workload, alter our perception of the situation, or look for another job. In addition, we also compare our input-output ratio to other workers' ratios.
* Expectancy (VIE) theory – three components include 1) valence (V) – desirability of a particular outcome to an individual, 2) instrumentality (I) – perceived relationship between the performance of a particular behavior and the likelihood a certain outcome will result, and 3) expectancy (E) – perceived relationship between the individual's effort and performance of the behavior. Expectancy theory states that motivation to perform a behavior depends on the strength and interaction of the three factors (VIE).
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a. separation anxiety disorder b. worry about academic performance c. an inability to control worry d. perfectionism and self-critical behavior
Your instructor gives a pop test after just lecturing on the effects of drugs on the nervous system. On this test, you write "axon potential" instead of "action potential" and "repression" instead of "depression.". Your mistakes illustrate the errors that can occur because most short-term memories are encoded
a. phonetically. b. visually. c. episodically. d. procedurally.
Variables are related to theoretical constructs via ___________________
a. Statistical analysis b. Causality c. Operational definitions d. The progressive nature of science