Springfield’s “C3” approach for combating gang activity implies all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. it was modeled after both armed services strategy and community policing programs
B. intelligence gathering is a critical component
C. the importance of engaging local, non-gang-involved residents
D. gang-involved youth need to be temporarily removed from their communities to successfully intervene in their problematic behaviors
D. gang-involved youth need to be temporarily removed from their communities to successfully intervene in their problematic behaviors
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New theoretical trends and avenues of conflict theory include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Realist criminology. b. Peacemaking criminology. c. Postmodern criminology. d. Existential criminology.
A juvenile is adjudicated delinquent by a juvenile court, then a separate hearing is held to determine what the punishment or treatment, or a combination of both will be. This is known as a ___ process.
a. separate b. conjoined c. nexus d. bifurcated
What is the standard used by courts of appeal to determine if a sentence is “inside, just outside, or significantly outside the guidelines range?”
a. the constitutional standard
b. the abuse-of-discretion standard
c. the upward departure standard
d. the downward departure standard
Between 2013 and 2014, the number of violent crimes in the uniform crime reports (UCR) did not change significantly but the number of violent crimes in the national crime victimization surveys (NCVS)? decreased by about 12.5 percent.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)