Explain as exactly as possible the way in which the central engine of active galaxies and quasars actually works. Why is the orientation so important?
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Matter from an accretion disk falls into a supermassive black hole. As it does so, it accelerates and emits energy. About 20% of the energy from the mass falling in (from mass-energy conversion, E = mc2 ) is radiated off. This energy may escape, or be absorbed by outer layers and re-radiated, or sent off as high-energy jets which give rise to radio lobes. What we see from Earth depends greatly on whether we see it from the side as radio lobes, or from the top as a blazar.
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Dark matter ____
a. is homogenously distributed through the Universe b. began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang c. began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter d. is isotropically distributed through the Universe e. began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter
A filtergram is a photograph of the Sun's surface made
a. in a band of wavelengths in the infrared. b. in a band of wavelengths in the ultraviolet. c. using the Zeeman effect. d. with only those photons emitted in a specific spectral line. e. none of the others.
When two solid spheres of the same material and same radius r are in contact, the magnitude of the gravitational force each exerts on the other is directly proportional to
a. r. b. r2. c. r3. d. r4. e. r6.
The energy used for "minor" uses adds up to truly gigantic amounts
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