In what situation is informed consent not needed?
A) The researcher pays the participants a stipend
B) The risk/benefit ratio is low
C) A Certificate of Confidentiality has been obtained
D) Informed consent is always needed
D
Feedback:
Informed consent procedures, which provide prospective participants with information needed to make a reasoned decision about participation, normally involve signing a consent form to document voluntary and informed participation. Informed consent is needed even when the researcher pays the participants a stipend or the risk/benefit ratio is low. A Certificate of Confidentiality is a legal document that researchers may obtain that protects them against the forced disclosure of confidential information in any civil, criminal, administrative, or legislative proceeding. However, it does not negate the need to obtain informed consent from participants of studies.
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