Care of the client with COPD involves physical, psychological, and environmental measures. Which of the following nursing measures should be initiated for these clients to improve ventilation and to overcome hypoxic states? Select all that apply
A) Use of bronchodilators, expectorants, and liquefying agents
B) Decreased fluid intake (500–1,000 mL/day)
C) Consistent use of oxygen
D) Limited activity
E) Use of Fowler's position
F) Eating small, frequent meals
A, E, F
Feedback:
Treatment measures for COPD include use of medications, bronchodilators, expectorants, liquefying agents, positioning to facilitate breathing (Fowler's or orthopneic), and eating small, frequent meals. Increased fluid intake (1,000–2,000 mL/day), cautious use of oxygen, and activity as tolerated are also recommended.
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