A nurse is educating a group of adults about the risks for osteoporosis. Which statements will the nurse include when discussing the use of alcohol and cigarettes? Select all that apply
A) "Smoking decreases nerve supply to the bones."
B) "Nicotine increases calcium absorption, leading to decreased bone density."
C) "Moderate alcohol consumption in postmenopausal women actually may increase bone mineral content."
D) "Alcohol has a direct toxic effect on osteoclast activity, suppressing bone formation."
E) "Heavy alcohol use may be associated with nutritional deficiencies that contribute to osteoporosis."
Answer: C, E
Both cigarette smoking and excess alcohol intake are risk factors for osteoporosis. Smoking decreases the blood supply to bones, and nicotine slows the production of osteoblasts and impairs the absorption of calcium, contributing to decreased bone density. Alcohol has a direct toxic effect on osteoblast activity, suppressing bone formation during periods of alcohol intoxication. In addition, heavy alcohol use may be associated with nutritional deficiencies that contribute to osteoporosis. Interestingly, moderate alcohol consumption in postmenopausal women actually may increase bone mineral content, possibly by increasing levels of estrogen and calcitonin.
You might also like to view...
A nurse working in a busy orthopedic clinic is asked to perform the Tinel sign on a patient having problems in his hand/wrist. In order to test Tinel sign, the nurse should give the patient which of the following directions?
A) "Stand tall, arms at your side, shut your eyes; place the tip of your index finger to your nose." B) "Hold your wrist in complete flexion; keep it in this position for 60 seconds; how does your hand feel after placing it in a neutral position?" C) "I'm going to tap (percuss) over the median nerve in your wrist; tell me what sensation you feel while I am doing this. Does the sensation stay in the wrist or go anywhere else?" D) "I'm going to tap this tuning fork and place it on the side of your thumb; then tell me what you are feeling in your hand and wrist."
When doing discharge teaching for a 19-year-old patient who has had a repair of a fractured mandible, the nurse will include information about
a. administration of nasogastric tube feedings. b. how and when to cut the immobilizing wires. c. the importance of high-fiber foods in the diet. d. the use of sterile technique for dressing changes.
A client interested in acupuncture asks a nurse, "Just exactly what does it do?" What would the nurse explain?
A) "Acupuncture is based on a philosophy of laying on of hands." B) "I don't think it does anything, so I don't know anything about it." C) "It uses a manual process of adjusting the spine." D) "It changes the flow of energy and helps healing."
The client asks the nurse about the uses of nitrous oxide. Which statement is the most appropriate by the nurse?
1. Nitrous oxide is rarely used in any setting. 2. Nitrous oxide is used for local anesthesia. 3. Nitrous oxide is used for dental procedures. 4. Nitrous oxide is used for general anesthesia.