In a study described in the textbook, participants memorized either the word reckless or the word adventurous before reading an ambiguous passage about Donald in which he was described as engaging in a number of recreational activities
(e.g., driving in a demolition derby, white-water rafting) in which he had risked injury and even death. This method was used to study the concept of
a. priming.
b. attribution formation.
c. representativeness.
d. counterfactual thinking.
Answer: A
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Tony used to ride motorcycles in college. Now, as an adult, he'd like to ride again. Which of the following systems would most help him remember how to ride a motorcycle?
a. procedural memory c. semantic memory b. episodic memory d. sensory memory
Jack read a story in which a woman is extremely happy after receiving flowers from her husband. He therefore decides to buy flowers for his girlfriend. This is an example of learning through
a. modeling. c. the scaphoid process. b. punishment. d. shaping.
An analysis of classical conditioning reveals that:
a. classical conditioning occurs in mammals, but not in lower species. b. The salivary response is one of the few reflexes that can be conditioned. c. completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session. d. learning always occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus.
When Ibrahim was six years old, he became terrified when the family's parrot flew at him and bit him on the nose. Since then, he's been afraid of all birds. Ibrahim's bird phobia illustrates the classical conditioning process of ______________.
-extinction -discrimination -spontaneous recovery -generalization