An older patient asks the nurse what holistic actions can be used to help lower elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels. What information should the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply.
1. Increase dietary fiber.
2. Eat fatty fish twice a week.
3. Use margarine with phytosterols.
4. Increase the intake of soy products
5. Limit red meat consumption to 3 days a week.
1. Increase dietary fiber.
2. Eat fatty fish twice a week.
3. Use margarine with phytosterols.
4. Increase the intake of soy products
Explanation: 1. The fiber found in oat bran, apples, citrus, and whole-grain products is particularly effective in reducing cholesterol.
2. Consumption of fish oil and ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids also have been shown to reduce cholesterol levels prompting the recommendation by the American Heart Association that fatty fish be eaten at least two times a week.
3. Phytosterols (plant sterols) are found in whole grains and many fruits and vegetables, and have the ability to interfere with the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. These products have been added to certain margarines and salad dressings, and the FDA has approved statements that consumption of these products may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
4. Soybeans have been shown to lower LDL blood levels and triglycerides and thus lower the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Soy products can be incorporated into the diet by drinking soy milk, eating tofu, or eating any product made with soybeans. The FDA has allowed the statement that inclusion of soy products in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol promotes heart health.
5. There is no specific recommendation for limiting the ingestion of red meat to control cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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