Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to the maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility represents which form of hypersensitivity?
A. type I
B. type II
C. type III
D. type IV
E. graft-versus-host reaction
B
Hemolysis due to maternal-fetal incompatibility represents a type II hypersensitivity reaction. In classic cases the red blood cells of an Rh(+) fetus/infant are destroyed by anti-Rh antibodies in a Rh(–) mother sensitized to Rh(+) antigen in a previous pregnancy. Binding of the cytotoxic maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells activates complement, which forms the membrane attacked complex (MAC) perforating the red blood cell membrane.
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