To help patients manage discomfort and pain during labor, nurses should be aware that:
a. The predominant pain of the first stage of labor is the visceral pain located in the lower portion of the abdomen.
b. Referred pain is the extreme discomfort between contractions.
c. The somatic pain of the second stage of labor is more generalized and related to fatigue.
d. Pain during the third stage is a somewhat milder version of the second stage.
A
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A This pain comes from cervical changes, distention of the lower uterine segment, and uterine ischemia.
B Referred pain occurs when the pain that originates in the uterus radiates to the abdominal wall, lumbosacral area of the back, iliac crests, and gluteal area.
C Second-stage labor pain is intense, sharp, burning, and localized.
D Third-stage labor pain is similar to that of the first stage.
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