According to the chapter text, what is the most probable effect of past-in-present discrimination on the economic marginality of the Black middle class?
A. an increase in the number of Blacks working in the secondary labor market
B. an increase in the Black middle class's motivation to succeed
C. an increase in benefits from affirmative action beyond those of Whites
D. a decrease in the likelihood that Blacks will own their own homes and businesses
E. the Black middle class will be more economically marginal
Answer: E
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