Describe how sociometric techniques work and how they can inform our understanding of peer acceptance
What will be an ideal response?
Perhaps no other aspect of children's social lives has received more attention than peer acceptance: the extent to which a child is viewed by peers as a worthy or likable companion. Typically, researchers assess peer acceptance through self-report instruments called sociometric techniques (Jiang & Cillessen, 2005). In a sociometric survey, children might be asked to nominate several classmates whom they like and several whom they dislike. Another method is to ask children to rate every other child in the group on a 5-point likeability scale (ranging from "really like to play with" to "really don't like to play with" (Cillessen & Bukowski, 2000; DeRosier & Thomas, 2003; Terry & Coie, 1991). Sociometric results suggest that sociometric status (based on liking) and peer popularity (based on who is perceived as "popular") are somewhat different constructs, and children don't necessarily like popular children (Cillessen, 2004; LaFontana & Cillessen, 2002). Even three- to five-year-olds can respond appropriately to sociometric surveys (Denham et al., 1990); their choices (or ratings) correspond reasonably well to teacher ratings of peer popularity. This suggests that sociometric surveys provide valid assessments of children's social standing in their peer groups (Hymel, 1983).
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Although the quota system may adequately represent minority groups, it
a. may underrepresent majority groups. b. has to use the same selection procedures for all groups. c. may result in greater failure rates among some groups. d. may not represent the minorities of that particular community.
As I watch the sun rise or as I look at a painting, the _____ lobe is the most active.
a. frontal b. temporal c. parietal d. occipital
The increasing "tip-of-the-tongue" experience in older age is most likely the result of the
a. inability to retrieve a word stored in memory. b. permanent loss of a word from memory. c. reduced speed of access to items in sensory memory. d. lack of ability to encode new words into memory.
Top-down reasoning that works from the more general to the more specific is referred to as _______________ reasoning
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word