Which of the following is the best explanation for the decreased levels of atrial natriuretic hor-mone commonly observed among patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation?
a. Stimulation of the pulmonary stretch re-ceptors
b. Inhibition of posterior pituitary function
c. Inhibition of the cortex of the adrenal gland
d. Decreased right atrial transmural pressure
ANS: D
Decreased right atrial transmural pressure is primarily responsible for the decrease in atrial natriu-retic hormone, which leads to sodium retention.
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