Contemporary probation is the direct result of the effort in England and the United States to
A. avoid harsh corporal punishments.
B. ensure the capture of a greater number of offenders.
C. maximize punishment and retribution.
D. coordinate community corrections efforts with parole programs.
Answer: A
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Research by Shaw and McKay found that the inability to control crime in the zone of transition was caused by all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. population turnover b. lethargy c. racial heterogeneity d. poverty
Two-way voice communication between inmates and corrections officers shall be available.
a. twice daily b. at all times c. at the senior floor officer's discretion d. during visitation
Organized crime has been observed in all immigrant groups to America as one of the first steps on the so-called "ladder of social mobility."
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
One of the primary explanations for recent rapid growth in prison populations is the increasing number of people incarcerated for
a. drug offenses. b. probation violations. c. terrorist threats. d. violent offenses.