The nurse is contributing to the plan of care for an older adult. What should the nurse recognize as being age-related changes in the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)
a. Less efficient leg veins
b. An increase in heart rate
c. Decreased cardiac output
d. Decreased blood pressure
e. An increase in irregular heartbeats
f. Thinning of the heart valves and aorta
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ANS: A, C, E
A. C. E. Changes in the cardiovascular system with aging include less efficient leg veins, decreased cardiac output, and an increase in irregular heartbeats. B. Heart rate does not increase with aging. D. Blood pressure increases with aging. F. Heart valves and aorta thicken with aging.
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An antisocial client tells Nurse A "You're a much better nurse than Nurse B said you were.". The
client tells Nurse B "Nurse A's upset with you for some reason.". To Nurse C the client states "You'd like to think you're perfect, but I've seen three of your mistakes this morning.". These interactions can be assessed as a. seductive. b. detached. c. guilt producing. d. manipulative.
A systematic review should address the components specified in PICOS. Why is this so? (Select all that apply.)
a. Interventional research always uses some means of comparison. b. "Interventions" that are actually naturally occurring conditions should be noted, since they decrease confirmatory power of the collective evidence. c. Study design is essential, since recommendations for change in practice can be based only on some designs. d. Desired outcomes, not actual outcomes of the study, are the focus of the review. e. The specific population from which a sample was drawn, and its similarity to those of others studies reviewed, affects generalizability.
A client is diagnosed with a normal ejection fraction. The nurse realizes that the client's ejection fraction is most likely between:
1. 10% to 20%. 2. 30% to 40%. 3. 60% to 70%. 4. 80% to 90%.
Which of the following is the highest priority for admission to inpatient care?
A) Confusion or disorientation B) Need for medication changes C) Safety of self or others D) Withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs