What do the clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome include?
a. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
b. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
c. Hypertension, weight loss, and proteinuria
d. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
ANS: D
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema are clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria and bacteriuria are not seen, and there is usually weight loss, not gain. The blood pressure is normal or hypotensive.
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