Constructivist theory
Match each statement with the correct item below.
a. Change over time in the structure, thoughts, and behaviors of an individual due to biological and environmental influences.
b. The principle that describes motor development as progressing from the midline of the body outward to the extremities; thus, chest, shoulders, and upper arms come under control before the hands and feet.
c. The name given to Vygotsky’s theory of mental development in which the emphasis is shifted away from the child in explaining development and to the influence of the individual’s social or cultural environment.
d. A theory that holds that development occurs in a steplike fashion, with each step or level qualitatively distinct from, and more complex than, previous levels.
e. A condition in which an individual’s response to a stimulus has rewarding or satisfying consequences.
f. Assumes that the developing child participates in the developmental process and literally constructs his or her own reality.
g. The first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; in this stage, the infant learns about his environment by active manipulation of the objects in it.
h. Increase in size, function, or complexity to some point of optimal maturity; associated with quantitative change.
ANS: F
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______ is the study and practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing technological processes and resources.
a. Medical technology b. Educational technology c. Productivity technology d. Information technology
Which of the following is one important reason for lower academic achievement in the United States relative to other countries?
a. Because of the size of our population, we simply cannot afford to spend as much on education as can smaller countries such as Japan and Germany. b. Historically, one of the aims of U.S. public education has been to establish educational equity, which sometimes conflicts with producing an educated elite that would compare more favorably with other countries. c. Students in the United States simply are not capable of performing at the levels attained by those in other industrialized countries. d. We are not as apt to use standardized tests in this country as are other countries, so our students do not perform as well on them.
Identify and explain a danger in using fill-in-the-blank (completion) type test items
What will be an ideal response?
Of the following, the best way for teachers to help students understand the connection
between reading and writing is to: a) read aloud and discuss texts b) give frequent writing assignments c) use workbooks as practice activities d) emphasize mechanics during instructional periods