Cesare Beccaria focused his efforts on Classical Theory. Discuss this theory as it relates to Beccaria's philosophy and his belief in the Pain-Pleasure Principle
What will be an ideal response?
innocent until proven guilty, trial by peer's, right to appeal, classification of crimes, equal treatment, social contracts, people are responsible for their own actions, swift and certain justice, people seek what brings them pleasure and avoid what causes pain, rational choice
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Which concept believes that discretion in one area of the criminal justice system will simply push discretionary effects onto another part of the system?
a. hydraulic displacement b. police quotas c. hydraulic diffusion d. compounded sentencing
Which type of sentence requires participants to be involved in an intensive treatment program that lasts about one year?
a. shock probation b. split sentences c. non-custodial sentences d. drug court
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Some jurisdictions permit a defendant to plead nolo contendere and reserve the right to appeal a specific ruling of the trial court. 2. Just as a defendant may appeal a criminal conviction after pleading not guilty, the prosecution may appeal from the defendant’s acquittal. 3. When a person is convicted of a misdemeanor by a court of limited jurisdiction and no record is made of the trial, an appeal takes the form of trial de novo in a higher court. 4. A per curiam opinion is attributed to a dissenting judge in an appellate decision. 5. Prior to the 20th century, federal habeas corpus jurisdiction was seldom invoked to review state criminal convictions.
Given current skepticism about the reliability of eyewitness evidence, the pressure is on for police departments and prosecutors to ensure that identification procedures are
a. fair. b. reliable. c. both fair and reliable. d. None of the answers are correct.