Your good friend tells you that she is going to breast feed for as long as she can, no matter how hard it is when she returns to work, because "she knows that breast fed babies are smarter."
She says that she would feel guilty if she stopped before her baby turned 1 because she would be "disadvantaging her child." How could you explain the research in such a way that she would feel better about her decision if she chose to stop breast feeding after a couple of months?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Research has shown that breast feeding is correlated with a number of positive outcomes, such as higher intelligence in offspring. However, correlation does not imply causation. It could be that differences in outcomes could be due to differences in the mothers' education and the quality of the environment that comes along with a higher SES. Studies have tried to take these differences into account statistically, but they are still confounded. Furthermore, even if some studies have found the IQ to be even a few points higher among those children who were breast fed, IQ is not the only determinant of success.
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Pregnant women often experience nausea because of the heightened activity of the ____ receptor
a. serotonin 3 b. progesterone c. estradiol d. dopamine 2
____ occurs when something unpleasant arrives and ____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed.
a. Reinforcement; positive reinforcement b. Punishment; negative reinforcement c. Punishment; positive reinforcement d. Reinforcement; negative reinforcement e. None of the above
Four-month-old baby Timmy is playing and smiling at his Dad. Baby Timmy is demonstrating a __________
a) social smile b) nonverbal encoding c) nonverbal decoding d) communication
An advantage of manipulation checks is that they:
A. allow you to determine whether the independent variables worked the way you thought they would and provide additional information that might help you interpret your data. B. provide additional information that might help you interpret your data. C. allow you to determine whether your independent variables worked the way you thought they would. D. None of the answers is correct.