Identify and describe the different types of smell-related conditions associated with a loss of smell. Based on the description of each condition, identify how the symptoms are similar and how the conditions differ. Lastly, describe the probability for improvement over time.
What will be an ideal response?
Anosmia is the most severe of the three conditions, resulting in a complete loss of smell. Hyposmia and presbyosmia, by contrast, are associated with a decreased ability to smell. Hyposmia is a decreased sensitivity to smell, and presbyosmia is a decrease in the sense of smell that happens with age. These two conditions are similar because they involve a decreased ability to smell, but not a complete loss. The main difference is the time associated with onset: presbyosmia is associated with aging, while hyposmia is not an age-related condition. These three conditions may be caused by missing or damaged receptors, which may be attributed to genetic conditions, exposure to chemicals, prescription medications, or medical conditions. Due to the ability of olfactory receptor neurons to regenerate, people who have lost their ability to smell because of head trauma, viruses, or toxic chemicals will usually gain back some, if not all, of their ability to smell. If the causes are genetic or due to aging, the possibilities of recovery are slight. If the loss of smell is due to medications, then discontinuing the medications may alleviate the symptoms.
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