The theory that currently seems to be the leading contender in explaining dreaming is the ________
a. Freudian theory of dreaming.
b. problem-solving approach to dreaming.
c. cognitive approach to dreaming.
d. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
Answer: c
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The generalization gradient obtained through testing following S+/S- discrimination learning in Exercise 44, using tones of 2.0 kHz (S+) and 2.25 kHz (S-), had its maximum at __________ kHz and minimum (minima) at __________ kHz.
a. 2.0; 2.25 b. 2.0; 2.5 c. 1.75; 1.0 and 2.0 d. 1.75; 1.0 and 2.25
If you walk under a ladder and then break a leg, you may avoid ladders in the future. Each time you avoid a ladder and nothing happens, this avoidance action is reinforced. This illustrates
a. the method of successive approximations. b. superstitious behavior. c. shaping. d. response chaining.
What is a major disadvantage of cross-sectional research?
A) Age-related changes cannot be examined. B) Participants often drop out before the study is over. C) Factors affecting individual development cannot be explored. D) Practice effects often cause biased findings.
Lashley's inability to determine where the memory trace is located may be due to the fact that
a. he did not search deeply enough into the brain, looking instead at the cortex. b. even simple situations involve a variety of types of memory. c. he was using rats as participants rather than humans. d. he chose too simple a measure of learning.