Personality disorders are defined as
a) maladaptive behaviors that consistently violate the rights of others.
b) long-standing, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person's culture.
c) any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life.
d) a chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships, mood, and self-image.
b
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One of the most serious criticisms against psychoanalysis was that it was based on:
a. cross-sectional studies b. longitudinal studies c. case studies d. controlled experiments conducted in Europe, not the United States
The ______ is used to rein in a researcher's personal biases and to avoid unexamined opinions
Fill in the blank with correct word
Sarah is seven months old. Her parents spend three
hours a day for five weeks straight holding Sarah up next to furniture in hopes that she will grab onto the furniture and stand by herself. Sarah hates this treatment and screams and cries, but her parents are unyielding. Finally, at the end of the fifth week, Sarah stands up by herself while holding onto the furniture. Her parents smile triumphantly. What have they accomplished here? a. Sarah's parents have trained Sarah to stand up by herself earlier than the average. b. Sarah was ready to stand up by herself at about eight months of age, but her parents simply put her through a training ordeal for nothing. c. If Sarah's parents had not trained her, Sarah would have been developmentally delayed. d. Sarah's parents have respected her personal rate of growth by encouraging her with psychomotor training.
The term __________ describes thinking in which preoperational children fail to understand that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one group.
A. egocentrism B. conservation C. reversibility D. classification