Within new critical criminology, what are the differences between left realism, peacemaking, and postmodernism?
What will be an ideal response?
Correct Answer:
Left Realism: Attempts to translate radical ideas into realistic social policy; insists on social justice as a policy objective. Peacemaking: Combines criminology with a transcendental or religious approach; seeks to mediate conflict, assist victims, and reintegrate offenders into the community. Postmodernism: Examines how knowledge is constituted, the significance of language and signs, and how metaphors and concepts capture reality and set the context and conditions in which crime occurs.
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In Gerstein v. Pugh, the Supreme Court held that the _____________ Amendment requires a probable cause hearing either before or promptly after arrest
Fill in the blank with correct word.
Double jeopardy protections have been incorporated in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment so that double jeopardy protection extends to defendants in state criminal cases
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A basic source of Shari’a is the _____, which refers to the way the Prophet Muhammad lived his life
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Convergent-discriminant validation involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits. 2. The use of multiple methods to measure the same phenomenon is also referred to as triangulation. 3. Consistency of measurement is determined by whether, assuming that conditions (rival causal factors) have not changed, a respondent will give the same answer to the same question on second testing. 4. Stability of measurement is determined by whether the set of items used to measure some phenomenon are highly related (associated with each other) and measuring the same concept. 5. In the bilateral test method of determining reliability the same instrument is administered twice to the same population and, if the results are the same, stability of measurement is assumed.