A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
a. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
b. Formation of renal calculi
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Increased bladder compliance
ANS: B
Urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can lead to the formation of renal calculi. Reflux and pyelonephritis would not lead to calculi as much as stasis would. Neither glomerulo-nephritis nor increased bladder compliance causes the stasis that would lead to calculus for-mation.
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