Examine the structure of the Roman state as it developed during the last half of the first millennium B.C.E
What will be an ideal response?
A. The beginning of the Roman state
1. started as a community of peasants, huddling for defense in an unstrategic spot
2. Rome had poor soil, no metals, and no outlet to the sea
3. inhabitants became warlike by necessity
4. no way to gain wealth except at their neighbors' expense
B. Use of military strength and war to establish state
1. organized their society for war and made victory their supreme value
a. citizens owed the state at least 16 years of military service
b. education emphasized patience and endurance
c. well equipped to tough out defeats
C. Warlike values helped build the empire but political strategies were Rome's greatest skill
1. collaborative empire
a. turned many existing elites into what Romans called "allies" and "federates"
b. treating them as Romans
c. conquered people made offerings and took oaths in the temples of thedeities of the empire
D. Roman methods were part predatory, part placatory
1. Terror, intimidation, and booty played roles in securing supremacy
E. Empire provided security, the "Roman peace"
1. lengthening trade routes
2. confronting threats to trade
3. nourishing prosperity
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