Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Providing feedback builds accountability and maintains integrity, ultimately improving outcomes.
2. Offenders’ risks and needs are measured and assessed by three different scales.
3. Cognitive-behavioral treatment combines the principles of operant psychology, cognitive theory, and social learning theory.
4. The first lesson of cognitive-behavioral treatment is that criminals think differently from the rest of us.


1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True

Criminal Justice

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Dorothea Dix was the first warden of the Elmira Reformatory. 2. The state of Ohio shocked Beaumont and Tocqueville by the barbarous state of its prisons compared to its humanitarian penal code. 3. The eastern Pennsylvania prison was the largest building in America in 1820s. 4. The eastern Pennsylvania prison was the largest building in America in 1820s.

Criminal Justice

According to critics of differential association theory, the theory may not be applicable at the individual level

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is NOT considered a syndrome defense?

A. posttraumatic stress disorder B. battered women syndrome C. alcohol addiction D. premenstrual syndrome defense

Criminal Justice

An especially heinous murder would be an example of a(n):

A. sentencing guideline. B. aggravating factor. C. mitigating factor. D. extralegal factor.

Criminal Justice